MEDICAL SERVICES
EDUCATION
Undergraduate Degree
- University of Virginia , 1983 , Charlottesville , VA
Medical School
- University of Virginia School of Medicine , 1987 , Charlottesville , VA
Internship
- Roanoke Memorial Hospital , 1988 , Roanoke , VA
Residency
- Massachusetts General Hospital , 1992 , Boston , MA
Fellowship
Neuroradiology
- Massachusetts General Hospital , 1993 , Boston , MA
Fellowship
Pediatric Interventional Radiology
- Boston Children's Hospital , 1996 , Boston , MA
PROFESSIONAL HISTORY
Dr. Robertson received his B.A. from the University of Virginia and his M.D. from the University of Virginia School of Medicine. He trained in diagnostic radiology and completed a fellowship in neuroradiology at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston and an interventional radiology fellowship at Boston Children’s Hospital. He has been a member of the faculty of the Department of Radiology in the Division of Neuroradiology at BCH since 1994 and is currently the Radiologist-in-Chief of the department. Dr. Robertson’s clinical and academic focus is in cerebrovascular diseases in children.
CERTIFICATIONS
- American Board of Radiology, Diagnostic Radiology
- American Board of Radiology, Neuroradiology
PUBLICATIONS
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- Success of Non-sedated Neuroradiological MRI in Children 1 to 7 Years Old. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020 08 12. View abstract
- BRAIN AGE ESTIMATION USING LSTM ON CHILDREN'S BRAIN MRI. Proc IEEE Int Symp Biomed Imaging. 2020 Apr; 2020:420-423. View abstract
- ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Cerebrovascular Disease-Child. J Am Coll Radiol. 2020 May; 17(5S):S36-S54. View abstract
- ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Head Trauma-Child. J Am Coll Radiol. 2020 May; 17(5S):S125-S137. View abstract
- Prenatal diagnosis of intraconal lymphatic malformation on fetal magnetic resonance imaging. J AAPOS. 2020 04; 24(2):113-115. View abstract
- Diagnostic equivalency of fast T2 and FLAIR sequences for pediatric brain MRI: a pilot study. Pediatr Radiol. 2020 04; 50(4):550-559. View abstract
- Comparison of CBF Measured with Combined Velocity-Selective Arterial Spin-Labeling and Pulsed Arterial Spin-Labeling to Blood Flow Patterns Assessed by Conventional Angiography in Pediatric Moyamoya. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2019 11; 40(11):1842-1849. View abstract
- ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Scoliosis-Child. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 May; 16(5S):S244-S251. View abstract
- ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Suspected Spine Trauma-Child. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 May; 16(5S):S286-S299. View abstract
- Markerless high-frequency prospective motion correction for neuroanatomical MRI. Magn Reson Med. 2019 07; 82(1):126-144. View abstract
- ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Sinusitis-Child. J Am Coll Radiol. 2018 Nov; 15(11S):S403-S412. View abstract
- ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Headache-Child. J Am Coll Radiol. 2018 May; 15(5S):S78-S90. View abstract
- Correction to: Ionizing radiation from computed tomography versus anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging in infants and children: patient safety considerations. Pediatr Radiol. 2018 03; 48(3):454. View abstract
- Imaging Optimization in Children. J Am Coll Radiol. 2018 03; 15(3 Pt A):440-443. View abstract
- Ionizing radiation from computed tomography versus anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging in infants and children: patient safety considerations. Pediatr Radiol. 2018 01; 48(1):21-30. View abstract
- Complex Trajectories of Brain Development in the Healthy Human Fetus. Cereb Cortex. 2017 11 01; 27(11):5274-5283. View abstract
- Transient Focal Neurologic Symptoms Correspond to Regional Cerebral Hypoperfusion by MRI: A Stroke Mimic in Children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017 Nov; 38(11):2199-2202. View abstract
- Quality measures and pediatric radiology: suggestions for the transition to value-based payment. Pediatr Radiol. 2017 Jun; 47(7):776-782. View abstract
- Reusable Client-Side JavaScript Modules for Immersive Web-Based Real-Time Collaborative Neuroimage Visualization. Front Neuroinform. 2017; 11:32. View abstract
- ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Back Pain-Child. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017 May; 14(5S):S13-S24. View abstract
- Cerebrospinal Fluid and Parenchymal Brain Development and Growth in the Healthy Fetus. Dev Neurosci. 2016; 38(6):420-429. View abstract
- Quality of pediatric abdominal CT scans performed at a dedicated children's hospital and its referring institutions: a multifactorial evaluation. Pediatr Radiol. 2017 Apr; 47(4):391-397. View abstract
- Preoperative transdural collateral vessels in moyamoya as radiographic biomarkers of disease. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2017 Mar; 19(3):289-295. View abstract
- Neuroimaging of Children With Surgically Treated Hydrocephalus: A Practical Approach. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2017 Feb; 208(2):413-419. View abstract
- Third Trimester Brain Growth in Preterm Infants Compared With In Utero Healthy Fetuses. Pediatrics. 2016 11; 138(5). View abstract
- Congenital Brain Abnormalities and Zika Virus: What the Radiologist Can Expect to See Prenatally and Postnatally. Radiology. 2016 10; 281(1):203-18. View abstract
- Neuropsychological Status and Structural Brain Imaging in Adolescents With Single Ventricle Who Underwent the Fontan Procedure. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015 Dec 14; 4(12). View abstract
- Altered Gray Matter in Adolescents with d-Transposition of the Great Arteries. J Pediatr. 2016 Feb; 169:36-43.e1. View abstract
- Fetal magnetic resonance imaging: exposure times and functional outcomes at preschool age. Pediatr Radiol. 2015 Nov; 45(12):1823-30. View abstract
- Down syndrome and moyamoya: clinical presentation and surgical management. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015 Jul; 16(1):58-63. View abstract
- Fetal MRI: A Technical Update with Educational Aspirations. Concepts Magn Reson Part A Bridg Educ Res. 2014 Nov; 43(6):237-266. View abstract
- White matter microstructure and cognition in adolescents with congenital heart disease. J Pediatr. 2014 Nov; 165(5):936-44.e1-2. View abstract
- Adolescents with tetralogy of Fallot: neuropsychological assessment and structural brain imaging. Cardiol Young. 2015 Feb; 25(2):338-47. View abstract
- Long-term developmental outcome of children with a fetal diagnosis of isolated inferior vermian hypoplasia. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2014 Jan; 99(1):F54-8. View abstract
- Ruptured temporal lobe arachnoid cyst presenting with severe back pain. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2013 Sep; 12(3):281-3. View abstract
- Imaging after direct and indirect extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013 Jul; 201(1):W124-32. View abstract
- School-age effects of the newborn individualized developmental care and assessment program for preterm infants with intrauterine growth restriction: preliminary findings. BMC Pediatr. 2013 Feb 19; 13:25. View abstract
- Adolescents with D-transposition of the great arteries repaired in early infancy demonstrate reduced white matter microstructure associated with clinical risk factors. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013 Sep; 146(3):543-9.e1. View abstract
- Chorea in the clinical presentation of moyamoya disease: results of surgical revascularization and a proposed clinicopathological correlation. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2013 Mar; 11(3):313-9. View abstract
- Injury to the premature cerebellum: outcome is related to remote cortical development. Cereb Cortex. 2014 Mar; 24(3):728-36. View abstract
- Delayed cortical development in fetuses with complex congenital heart disease. Cereb Cortex. 2013 Dec; 23(12):2932-43. View abstract
- Regional cerebellar volumes predict functional outcome in children with cerebellar malformations. Cerebellum. 2012 Jun; 11(2):531-42. View abstract
- NIDCAP improves brain function and structure in preterm infants with severe intrauterine growth restriction. J Perinatol. 2012 Oct; 32(10):797-803. View abstract
- Cerebellar malformations alter regional cerebral development. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011 Dec; 53(12):1128-34. View abstract
- Brain perfusion in asphyxiated newborns treated with therapeutic hypothermia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011 Dec; 32(11):2023-9. View abstract
- Adolescents with d-transposition of the great arteries corrected with the arterial switch procedure: neuropsychological assessment and structural brain imaging. Circulation. 2011 Sep 20; 124(12):1361-9. View abstract
- Ultrasound and MRI of fetuses with ventriculomegaly: can cortical development be used to predict postnatal outcome? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011 Jun; 196(6):1457-67. View abstract
- Spectrum of neurodevelopmental disabilities in children with cerebellar malformations. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011 May; 53(5):409-16. View abstract
- MRI as a central component of clinical trials analysis in brainstem glioma: a report from the Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC). Neuro Oncol. 2011 Apr; 13(4):417-27. View abstract
- Outcome of fetuses with cerebral ventriculomegaly and septum pellucidum leaflet abnormalities. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011 Jan; 196(1):W83-92. View abstract
- Frequency and cause of disagreements in imaging diagnosis in children with ventriculomegaly diagnosed prenatally. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Nov; 36(5):582-95. View abstract
- Early versus late MRI in asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2011 Jan; 96(1):F36-44. View abstract
- Cerebellar injury in the premature infant is associated with impaired growth of specific cerebral regions. Pediatr Res. 2010 Aug; 68(2):145-50. View abstract
- Relationship of intraoperative cerebral oxygen saturation to neurodevelopmental outcome and brain magnetic resonance imaging at 1 year of age in infants undergoing biventricular repair. Circulation. 2010 Jul 20; 122(3):245-54. View abstract
- Neurodevelopmental outcome of fetuses referred for ventriculomegaly. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Apr; 35(4):405-16. View abstract
- Human TUBB3 mutations perturb microtubule dynamics, kinesin interactions, and axon guidance. Cell. 2010 Jan 08; 140(1):74-87. View abstract
- Brain volume and metabolism in fetuses with congenital heart disease: evaluation with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Circulation. 2010 Jan 05; 121(1):26-33. View abstract
- Fetal placental thrombosis and neonatal implications. Am J Perinatol. 2010 Mar; 27(3):251-6. View abstract
- Cerebellar injury in term infants: clinical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and outcome. Pediatr Neurol. 2009 Jul; 41(1):1-8. View abstract
- NR2F1 deletion in a patient with a de novo paracentric inversion, inv(5)(q15q33.2), and syndromic deafness. . 2009 May; 149A(5):931-8. View abstract
- Subtle hemorrhagic brain injury is associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in infants with repaired congenital heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009 Aug; 138(2):374-81. View abstract
- Methylmalonic acidemia: brain imaging findings in 52 children and a review of the literature. Pediatr Radiol. 2008 Oct; 38(10):1054-61. View abstract
- How accurately does current fetal imaging identify posterior fossa anomalies? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008 Jun; 190(6):1637-43. View abstract
- Frequency and cause of disagreements in diagnoses for fetuses referred for ventriculomegaly. Radiology. 2008 May; 247(2):516-27. View abstract
- Positive screening for autism in ex-preterm infants: prevalence and risk factors. Pediatrics. 2008 Apr; 121(4):758-65. View abstract
- Randomized trial of hematocrit 25% versus 35% during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in infant heart surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008 Feb; 135(2):347-54, 354.e1-4. View abstract
- Does cerebellar injury in premature infants contribute to the high prevalence of long-term cognitive, learning, and behavioral disability in survivors? Pediatrics. 2007 Sep; 120(3):584-93. View abstract
- Diffusion-weighted imaging of the brain in infants and children. Pediatr Radiol. 2007 Aug; 37(8):749-68. View abstract
- The Neuroimaging Center of the Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium-collaborative neuroimaging in pediatric brain tumor research: a work in progress. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007 Apr; 28(4):603-7. View abstract
- Moyamoya following cranial irradiation for primary brain tumors in children. Neurology. 2007 Mar 20; 68(12):932-8. View abstract
- Intracranial vascular anomalies in patients with periorbital lymphatic and lymphaticovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007 Feb; 28(2):335-41. View abstract
- Evaluation of real-time single-shot fast spin-echo MRI for visualization of the fetal midline corpus callosum and secondary palate. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006 Dec; 187(6):1505-11. View abstract
- A fuzzy system for helping medical diagnosis of malformations of cortical development. J Biomed Inform. 2007 Jun; 40(3):221-35. View abstract
- Regional brain development in serial magnetic resonance imaging of low-risk preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2006 Jul; 118(1):23-33. View abstract
- Neurological features of congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 2 with mutations in PHOX2A. Brain. 2006 Sep; 129(Pt 9):2363-74. View abstract
- Diagnosis of inferior vermian hypoplasia by fetal magnetic resonance imaging: potential pitfalls and neurodevelopmental outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Apr; 194(4):1070-6. View abstract
- The current etiologic profile and neurodevelopmental outcome of seizures in term newborn infants. Pediatrics. 2006 Apr; 117(4):1270-80. View abstract
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the kinked fetal brain stem: a sign of severe dysgenesis. J Ultrasound Med. 2005 Dec; 24(12):1697-709. View abstract
- Moyamoya syndrome associated with Down syndrome: outcome after surgical revascularization. Pediatrics. 2005 Nov; 116(5):e694-701. View abstract
- Impaired trophic interactions between the cerebellum and the cerebrum among preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2005 Oct; 116(4):844-50. View abstract
- 913 Moyamoya Associated with Down Syndrome: Outcome after Surgical Revascularization. Neurosurgery. 2005 Aug 01; 57(2):434-435. View abstract
- Late gestation cerebellar growth is rapid and impeded by premature birth. Pediatrics. 2005 Mar; 115(3):688-95. View abstract
- In vivo visualization of white matter fiber tracts of preterm- and term-infant brains with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol. 2005 Feb; 40(2):110-5. View abstract
- Prolonged T*2 values in newborn versus adult brain: Implications for fMRI studies of newborns. Magn Reson Med. 2004 Jun; 51(6):1287-91. View abstract
- Fetal imaging of central nervous system abnormalities. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2004 May; 14(2):293-306, viii. View abstract
- Spontaneous superficial parenchymal and leptomeningeal hemorrhage in term neonates. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2004 Mar; 25(3):469-75. View abstract
- Long-term outcome in children with moyamoya syndrome after cranial revascularization by pial synangiosis. J Neurosurg. 2004 Feb; 100(2 Suppl Pediatrics):142-9. View abstract
- Normal and ischemic epiphysis of the femur: diffusion MR imaging study in piglets. Radiology. 2003 Jun; 227(3):825-32. View abstract
- CT versus MR in neonatal brain imaging at term. Pediatr Radiol. 2003 Jul; 33(7):442-9. View abstract
- Diffusion imaging in neonates. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2002 Feb; 12(1):55-70. View abstract
- Time course of changes in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in a case of neonatal encephalopathy with defined onset and duration of hypoxic-ischemic insult. Pediatrics. 2001 Nov; 108(5):1211-4. View abstract
- Fast three-point Dixon MR imaging of the retrobulbar space with low-resolution images for phase correction: comparison with fast spin-echo inversion recovery imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001 Oct; 22(9):1798-802. View abstract
- Volumetric brain differences in children with periventricular T2-signal hyperintensities: a grouping by gestational age at birth. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001 Sep; 177(3):695-702. View abstract
- Biexponential apparent diffusion coefficient parametrization in adult vs newborn brain. Magn Reson Imaging. 2001 Jun; 19(5):659-68. View abstract
- Cerebral infarction in Menkes' disease. Pediatr Neurol. 2000 Nov; 23(5):425-8. View abstract
- Prominent basal emissary foramina in syndromic craniosynostosis: correlation with phenotypic and molecular diagnoses. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000 Oct; 21(9):1707-17. View abstract
- Optimized single-slab three-dimensional spin-echo MR imaging of the brain. Radiology. 2000 Sep; 216(3):891-9. View abstract
- Multi-component apparent diffusion coefficients in human brain: relationship to spin-lattice relaxation. Magn Reson Med. 2000 Aug; 44(2):292-300. View abstract
- MR line-scan diffusion imaging of the spinal cord in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000 Aug; 21(7):1344-8. View abstract
- Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection of the head and neck in immunocompetent children: CT and MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999 Nov-Dec; 20(10):1829-35. View abstract
- MRI signal changes in the white matter after corpus callosotomy. Pediatr Neurol. 1999 Oct; 21(4):691-5. View abstract
- MR line-scan diffusion-weighted imaging of term neonates with perinatal brain ischemia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999 Oct; 20(9):1658-70. View abstract
- The postmigrational development of polymicrogyria documented by magnetic resonance imaging from 31 weeks' postconceptional age. Ann Neurol. 1999 Jun; 45(6):798-801. View abstract
- Early detection of periventricular leukomalacia by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging techniques. J Pediatr. 1999 May; 134(5):631-4. View abstract
- Basal ganglia germinoma with progressive cerebral hemiatrophy. Pediatr Neurol. 1999 Apr; 20(4):312-4. View abstract
- MR line scan diffusion imaging of the brain in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999 Mar; 20(3):419-25. View abstract
- Head and neck vascular anomalies of childhood. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 1999 Feb; 9(1):115-32. View abstract
- Helical CT angiography: dynamic cerebrovascular imaging in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999 Feb; 20(2):328-34. View abstract
- Multi-component apparent diffusion coefficients in human brain. NMR Biomed. 1999 Feb; 12(1):51-62. View abstract
- Imaging of pediatric temporal bone abnormalities. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 1999 Feb; 9(1):133-55. View abstract
- Neurologic complications of cerebral angiography in childhood moyamoya syndrome. Pediatr Radiol. 1998 Nov; 28(11):824-9. View abstract
- Familial intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1998 Oct; 29(4):208-13. View abstract
- Diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of vascular birthmarks. Dermatol Clin. 1998 Jul; 16(3):455-88. View abstract
- Cerebral vasculopathy and neurologic sequelae in infants with cervicofacial hemangioma: report of eight patients. Radiology. 1998 Jun; 207(3):601-7. View abstract
- Efficacy of fast screening MR in children and adolescents with suspected intracranial tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998 Mar; 19(3):529-34. View abstract
- Surgical management of cutis aplasia with high-flow sinus pericranii. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1998 Feb; 28(2):79-83. View abstract
- Neonatal central nervous system vascular disorders. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1998 Jan; 9(1):155-80. View abstract
- Thrombocytopenic coagulopathy (Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon) is associated with Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and not with common infantile hemangioma. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997 Nov; 100(6):1377-86. View abstract
- Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid levels of basic fibroblast growth factor in moyamoya and central nervous system disorders. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1997 Oct; 27(4):182-9. View abstract
- Childhood moyamoya disease: hemodynamic MRI. Pediatr Radiol. 1997 Sep; 27(9):727-35. View abstract
- Angiographic changes after pial synangiosis in childhood moyamoya disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1997 May; 18(5):837-45. View abstract
- Pediatric case of the day. Myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis (MDS) (Schilder disease). Radiographics. 1996 Nov; 16(6):1509-11. View abstract
- Moyamoya and Down syndrome. Clinical and radiological features. Stroke. 1996 Nov; 27(11):2131-5. View abstract
- Angiography and the evaluation of cerebrovascular disease in childhood. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 1996 Aug; 6(3):561-88. View abstract
- Pediatric orbital and visual pathway lesions. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 1996 Feb; 6(1):179-98. View abstract
- Lupus-related myelitis: serial MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1994 Nov; 15(10):1911-7. View abstract
- Normal anatomy of the skull base. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 1994 Aug; 4(3):465-78. View abstract
- Cost-effectiveness of immunization in The Gambia. J Trop Med Hyg. 1985 Oct; 88(5):343-51. View abstract